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Section 4 Stages of Academic Writing（第1页）

Se4:StagesofAcademig

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&hreestagesinproduacademicessayorreport:planning，researdwritingup.Ihesestagesthereareanumberofsmallersteps.

Activity4-1:Explainingtheproig

Thefollolainstheprocessanessay.Readitcarefullyaheflowchartthatfollows.

&epofessaywritingistodeatopidprepareascheduleofworkfortheavailabletime.Theopicshouldbebrainstormedandadraftoutli，possiblesourceshavetobeevaluatedcritidthemostrelevaerwhistartmakingnotes，usingparaphrasingandsummarizingskills.Wheedeoaiodraftofthemainbodybewritteakioavoidplagiarism.

&lyyouwritethefirstdraftoftheintrodud，ensuringthatalogicalapproachtothetitleisdeveloped.Afterthisthewholedraftmustbecriticallyre-readandrevisedformaximumdaccuracy.Thepeageistoprepareafinallistofreferendissuchastablesandfigures.Fiextshouldbethhlyproofreadbefintheassigime.

WhatYoushouldKnow

Asanexampleofadvaiingbedefiypeusedinanaviroforanumberofspecialpurposesingdoingreseargreptermpapers，reviewingbooksandartidpletingthesesaions.Amoiesofacademig，researchpaperaarethemostonones.

&ingusuallyfolloarticularstyle.Herearesomeguidelines:

Beformal.Avoidslange.g.dlaistoocasuale.g.prettyawful.Usefullformsratherthaions，e.g.doesha.sidertheuseofnominalizatiohaures.

&ive.Academigshouldbeobjective，sopersonalpronouns（e.g.I，me，my，we，us，our，you）shouldnormallybeavoided.

&ious.Donotusehrasesiingthataretlyopihinkcarefullybefwordslike“definitely”

“undoubtedly”

“should”

“must”

“absolutely”

.Wordslike“possibly”

“probably”

“likely”

“seems”

“may”

and“dtoodacademig.

&emanyvariatioofresearcharticles，thefollowingplanbeusedbyabeginresearcherforbothaquantitativeaswellasaqualitativeapproach.Theelementsofstruclude:（1）Title，（2）Abstratrodu，（4）Literaturereview，（5）Results，（6）Dis，（7），（8）References，（9）Appeheseelementsofstructurewillbedefinedaailinthefollowingunits.

&ingisaprocess.Itstartsfrthewritingtask，theodoingthereseardreadiageisplanningandwritingvariousdrafts，andthisisfollowedbypraing.Allthisshouldleadtothefi.

LanguageFocus

GrammaticalFeaturesofAcademig

（Hamp-Lyons&Heasley，2006）

Assig

1.Visitthewebsitehttp:.york.ac.ukasiswriting.htminwhichthereisanaudiofileabouttheacademicstyle.Listentoitandlearhefeaturesofacademig.

&hefollraphsinamoreacademicstyle.

Iwoulderasubjectiveartist.WhatImeanisthathisarthaditssourhispersonality;hisworke，Ialwaysfeel，oftheepowhichhelived.

Oherhand，IalwayssiderBaobjectiveartist.Youseethatheworkedonlywiththeformsahistimeprofferedhim.Idonotthianyinnerpulsiohs.

3.Lookatyourmostretwrittenwork，forexample，thetermpaperofacourseyoutooklastsemester.Uhewordsorphrasesyouthinkmightnotbeiyleandmakeimprovement.

&heresearcharticleyourteacherhasassigoyou.Studyitsoverallstrudidentifyitslinguisticfeatures.