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Appendix 3（第3页）

beforeIiversity.Ithinkitwastenmonthsbefore.Shetoldmethatplagiarismyingother’swother’sideawerebothasofplagiarism.Shealsotoldmeabouttheces.Thecradeandpersowillbeaffected.（StudentC21）

Thenewssaiditisillegalbehavior.shavetherightthattheirliteraryaputareprotected.PlagiarizingbehaviorletobefiudentC10）

&oldusthatdonotcopytheessaywhichyouseeonthebook...Besidesthat，tea’tsaywhataslagiarism.SoallIknolagiarismisessayisplagiarism.ButIdonotknowifIcopyafewsewilltasplagiarismornot.（StudentC9）

&hatmashaveneverreyinstruplagiarisminaisiheresultsofBamfordandSergiou（2005），andZhang，Li，andDuan（2008）.Thissuggeststhatalaatistruplagiarismiioialcauseforesestudents’beingaorelikelytoplagiarize.

3.1.3Studeeddegreeofplagiarism

Wheheyhadaderstandingofplagiarism，alltheAmeripartitsbelievedtheydid.Asfortheesestudents，most（70.4%）ofthemaheother29.6%thoughttheydidnothaveaderstandihestratedbyboththeAmeridesestudentsportedbytheirperformanjudgiobeplagiarismornot.OnlyfiveAmeritsandtwoesestudeely.Thedetailedresultsmentswillbereportediiothestudeedknowledgeofplagiarismandtheirrealknowledgeofplagiarismiheymaylackadequateself-awarenessofwhattheyreallyknolagiarism;theythoughttheykheythoughtwhattheyuoodofplagiarismlagiarismwasreallyabout.Thismismatchalsocallsforquestios’self-repability.Therefore，othermethodologiessuchastestis’judgmentsonplagiarismandinterviewsareoeiooobtainmorereliabledata.

3.2Students’aboutplagiarism

Knowingaboutstudents’helpteaderstaheirknotionsofplagiarismaeacherstohelpthemgaiandingofplagiarism.AlltheAmeritsreportedtheyhadnoaboutplagiarismandwereverytintheirofplagiarism.Intrast，theesestudentsexpressedaboutthedefinitionofplagiarism，ces，and，mainly，whatasweresideredplagiarism.Regardiects，i.e.，thedefinitionandcesofplagiarism，studeoknowwhattheywere.Butasforwhatastitutedplagiarism，theyexpressedbothands.OalkedabouthisexperiengonlineresourdbeingaccusedbyhishighsstrutheUS.Hewaswritingahedangerofexcessivedrinking，butheotthinkofmanyceshimself.Therefore，hesearchedtheesewebsiteBaidu（aseareusedbymostesepeopleatoGoogleintheUS）formoreinformatioigaboutthepotentialharmtoomuchalcohol.Thinkingituseful，hesummarizedthatartidtrahesummaryintoEnglish.Whenaskedwhyhedidhesourwhereheobtaiinformationbyhisinstructor，heaheessayhimself.Hewasaccusedafterwardssirusistedthatthepotentialharmofexcessivedrinkingdisthatessaysoundedprofessional，amusthaveborrowedothers’informatioerview，heaskedmeifIthoughtthatlagiarism.Isaidyes.Heseemedveryupset.Iaskedwhyhesaidthathewrotetheessayhimselfandaskedifhedidnotadmitusingonlineresourcesbecausehewasafraidofbeingaccused.Hesaid，

ItwasnotthatIdarednotadmit.ItwasthatIdidnotthinkIlagiarizingatall...becauseIdidnotcopytheseIwasjustsummariziitheproarizing，Iaddedmyaherefore，Ithinkthatisnotplagiarism.（StudentC4）

Thisiesestudentsmayhavediffereandingsofwhatastituteplagiarism.Thiserandingofplagiarismbefurtherevideherinterviewee’sreflehishighschoolexperieheUS.

IwasshomyhighschohtmeplagiarizingbecauseIaskedthefatherinmyhostfamilytorevisemyessayforme!Iwrotethedraftaoeditforme.Theideawasmihelpiheexpressions.That[beingaccused]wasverydisg...ButIwasnottheonlyone.Oneofmyclassmateswasalybecauseheusedonewordfromthevideogameorldcraft）Theteachersaidthatwasatermandhe[myclassmate]otwritethewordonhisowhavecopieditfromsomeoudentC14）

&siesestudentsmayhavesomeaboutwhataswereplagiariziheyweretoldbytheirinstructorslagiarismwas，itmighttakethemlestandabsorbtheWesternnotion.

3.3Judgingplagiarism:astudeive

&swereaskedtojudgeifthetencaseswereplagiarismandiftheytablebehavior.Table3reportsthementsofthedAmerits.Table4preseailedresultsforthestudents’judgmerespoeforeachcase.

3.3.1Overallessofjudgments

ThisstudymakesadistiweeswhoreceivedtheirhighschooledudthosewhoreceivedtheirhighschooledutheUS.Thisdivisionisreasoheresultsshedifferehecorreseratesbetweewogroupsofstudehatlookingatallesestudeherwouldbemisleading，asshowhedisbelow.

Table3.Corresesofjudgments

Note:dsfortheesepartitswhoreceivedtheirhighschooledua;dsfortheesepartitswhoreceivedtheirhighschooledutheUS;CH-ALLstandsforalltheesepartits.

Ihe“Nments”

displaysthehecaseswherethestudejudgments.“Miheminimumcorresesprovidedbythestudents;“Max”

referstothemostcorresesprovidedbythestudents;“Meaheaveragenumberofcorresesprovidedbythestudents.Itwascalculatedbythesumofthecorresesofallthepartithegroupdividedbythetotalhepartithatgroup.Thatbeingsaid，forexample，theMinfortheAmeritswassix.Thismeansthat，amongthe17USpartits，theonewhoprovidedthefewestcmentsmadesixcmeendalltheothersmadeequaltoormorethansixcmeeheMaxforAmeritswaste，amongthe17USpartits，theonewhoprovidedthemostcorresesjudgedalltely.TheMeanfortheAmeripartitswaseight，meaningthate，everyAmeritmadeeightcments.ItwascalculatedbydividingthesumofeachAmerit’scorresesbythetotalheAmerits.

Takingallthe27esestudentsasagroup，thefewestcorreseswerefour;themostcorreseswereten;andtheaveragecorreseswereseven.Itbeseenthatboththehefewestandtheaveragecorresesofthe27esestudentsweremuchsmallerthaheAmerits，signifyingthediffereheuandingofplagiarismbetweewogroupsofstudents.However，whentherespohefiveesestudeheirhighschooledutheUSarately，theresultsshowedthatthisgroupofstudentssuchhigher:thefewestcorreseswereeight;themostcorreseswereten;andtheaveragewashefiveesestudeedfrroup，theother22esestudentshadeveresponses:fourforthefewest;hemost;andsixe.ThissuggeststhattheAmerihighschooleduflueudents’judgmeionsofplagiarismandthat“despitevariousiuralgesandstruggles，mostesestudents...havemaosurvivethedemandsofthelearningeoadaptanddevelop”

（Gu&Brooks，2008，p.340）.Oherhand，itsignalsthelastruplagiarisminesehighschools，otentiallycausedstudents’anddiffiuaionofplagiarism.However，weshouldbecautiouswheheseresultssiheheCH-USgroupisrelativelysmall.

3.3.2Students’judgmeencases

&swereaskedtojudgeifthetencaseswereplagiarism，andifthoseastableregardlessofthoseasbeingplagiarismornmentsareshowhetable，“Plagiarism”

measjudgedthatcaseasplagiarism;“Acceptable”

meassideredthataacceptable.“essrate”

istheperberofthestudentswhomadethecmentforacase.Similartotheoverallrateanalysis，theesestudeheirhighschooledutheUSaingfromaesehighschoolarately;theresultsforthisanalysisareinTable5.

&udents’judgmentsontencases

Table5.esestudents’judgmentsvis-à-viswheretheyattendedhighschool

Note:dsfortheesepartitswhoreceivedtheirhighschooledua;dsfortheesepartitswhoreceivedtheirhighschooledutheUS.“Plagiarism”