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Text A Work（第1页）

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—fromThequestofHappiII）

&randRussell

[1]Whetherworkshouldbeplagthecausesofhappinessthecausesofunhappinessmayperhapsberegardedasdoubtfulquestioainlymuchworkwhichisexglyirksome，andanexcessofworkisalainful.Ithiprovidedworkisnotexamouhedullestworkistomostpeoplelesspainfulthahereareinwrades，frommerereliefoftediumuptotheprofous，agtotheheworkaiesoftheworker.Mostoftheeoplehavetodoiseresting，butevensuchworkhasgreatadvaobeginwith，itfillsagoodmanyhoursofthedaywithouttheneedofdegwhatoneshalldo.Mostpeople，whefreetofilltheirowntimeagtotheirchoice，areatalosstothinkofanythingsuffitlypleasahdoiofillleisureihelastproductofcivilization，averyfewpeoplehavereachedthislevel.Moreovertheexerciseofchoiitselftiresome.Excepttopeoplewithunusualiispositivelyagreeabletobetoldwhattodoateachhouroftheday，providedtheordersarenottoou.Mostoftheidlerichsufferunspeakableboredomasthepriceoftheirfreedery.AttimestheymayfiingbiggameinAfrica，orbyflyingroundtheworld，butthenumberofsusationsislimited，especiallyafteryouthispast.Aglythemoreiriworknearlyashardasiftheywerepoor，whileriepartkeepthemselvesbusyiriflesofwhoseearth-shakingimportaheyarefirmlypersuaded.

[2]Workthereforeisdesirable，firsta，asapreventiveofboredom，fortheboredomthatamanfeelswhenheisdoihoughuingworkisasnothinginparisonwiththeboredomthathefeelswhehingtodowithhisdays.Withthisadvantageofworkanotherisassoamelythatitmakesholidaymuchmoredelitheyahavetoworksohardastor，heislikelytofindfarmorezestihananidlemancouldpossiblyfind.

[3]Thesetageofmostpaidworkandofsomeunpaidworkisthatitgivescesofsudopportunitiesforambition.Inmostworksuccessismeasuredbyineandwhileoursotihisisiisoworkisedthatthismeasureceasestobethenaturalooapply.Thedesirethatmeoiheirieasmuchadesireforsuccessasforextrafortsthatahigherineprocure.Howeverdullworkmaybe，itbeesbearableifitisameansofbuildiioheworldatlargeoronlyinone’sowinuityofpurposeisoessentialisofhappihelongrun，andformostmenthiseschieflythroughtheirwork.Ihosewomenwhoselivesareoccupiedwithhouseworkaremuchlessfortuhanorkoutsidethehome.Thedomesticatedwifedoesnotreceivewages，hasteriakenfrantedbyherhusbaiothingofwhatshedoes），andisvaluedbyhimnotforherhouseworkbutforquiteotherqualities.Ofcoursethisdoesnotapplytothosewomenwhoaresuffitlywell-to-dotomakebeautifulhousesaifulgardeheenvyhbors;butsueivelyfew，amajorityhouseworkasmuchassatisfaasworkofotherkindsbrioprofessionalwomen.

[4]Thesatisfaofkillingtimeandsomeoutlethowevermodest，forambitioomostwork，andissuffiakeevenamanwhoseworkisdullhappierohanamanwhohasnoworkatall.Butwhenworkisiiscapableofgivingsatisfaherorderthanmererelieffromtedium.Thekindsofworkinwhichthereissomeimaybearrangedinahierarchy.Ishallbeginwiththosewhiildlyiihosethatareworthytoabsorbthewhiesofagreatman.

[5]Twochiefelemeeresting:first，theexerciseofskill，andsestru.

[6]Everymanwhohasaeunusualskillenjituntilithasbeatterofcourse，oruntilheprovehimself.Thismotivetoactivitybeginsinearlychildhood:aboywhodonhisheadbeesreluttostandodealivesthesamepleasurethatistobederivedfromgamesofskill.Theworkofalaolitimustamoredeleagreatdealofthesamepleasurethatistobederivedfromplayingbridge.Hereofcoursethereisnotonlytheexerciseofskillbuttheoutwittingofaskilledoppohispetitiveeleme，however，theperformanceofdifficultfeatsisagreeable.Amanwhodostuntsinanaeroplahatpleasuresogreatthatforthesakeofitheiswillingtoriskhislife.Iimagianablesurgeon，ihepainfulwhichhisworkisdoisfatheexquisitepreofhisoperations.Thesamekihoughienseform，istobederivedfromagreatdealofworkofahumblerkind.Allskilledleasurable，providedtheskillrequirediseithervariableorcapableofieimprovemeio，itwillceasetwhenamanhasacquiredhismaximumskill.Amanwhorunsthree-mileraceswillceasetofindpleasureinthisowheheageatwhibeathisownpreviousrecord.Fortuhereisaverysiderableamountofcesewskillandamanproving，atailhehasreachedmiddleage.Insomekindsofskilledwork，suchaspolitiple，itseemsthatmeheirbestbetweensixtyahereasoinsuchosawideexperiehermaial.Forthisreasonsuccessfulpolitisareapttobehappierattheageofseventythananyothermenofequalage.Theiroorsiarethemeheheadsofbigbusinesses.

[7]Thereis，however，apossessedbythebestwork，whimoreimportantasasourceofhappihanistheexerciseofskill.Thereistheelementofstruess.Ihoughbynomeansinmost，somethingisbuiltupwhisasamoheworkispleted.Wemaydistinguishstrudestrubythefollowing.Instrutheinitialstateofaffairsisparativelyhaphazard，whilethefinalstateofaffairsembodiesapurpose.Iiohecase;theinitialstateofaffairsembodiesapurpose，whilethefinalstateofaffairsishaphazard，thatistosay，allthatisihedestroyeristoproduceastateofaffairswhibodyapurpose.Thisappliesieralandobviousamelythestruddestruofbuildings.Instrugabuildingapreviouslymadeplaniscarriedout，whereasiroyingitnoolyhowthematerialsaretoliewheionispleted.Destruisofecessaryveryoftenasapreliminarytosubsequentstruthatcaseitispartofawholewhistructive.Butlyamanwilleivitiesofwhichthepurposeisdestructivewithardtoanystruayeafter.Frequentlyhewillcealthisfromhimselfbythebeliefthatheisonlysweepingawayiobuildafresh，butitgenerallypossibletounmaskthispreteisapretense，byaskinghimwhatthesubsequentstruistobe.Onthissubjectitwillbefoundthathewillspeakvaguelyandwithoutenthusiasm，whereasontheprelimiionhehasspokenpredwithzest.Thisappliestoionariesandmilitaristsalesofvioleuated，usuallywithouttheirownkred:thedestruofwhattheyhateistheirrealpurpose，andtheyareparativelyihequestionwhatistoeafterit.NowIythatintheworkofdestruasintheworkofstruaybejoy.Itisafiercerjoy，perhapsatmomeeislessprofoundlysatisfyiheresultisoneinwhichlittlesatisfaistobefound.Youkillyourenemy，andwhenheisdeadyouroisgohesatisfathatyouderivefromvictoryquicklyfades.Theworkofstrutheotherhaed，isdelightfultoplate，andmoreoverisneversofullypletethatthereisnothiodoaboutit.Themostsatisfactorypurposesarethosethatleadoelyfromooaeveringtoadeadend;andiwillbefoundthatstruisagreatersourceofhappihaiowouldbemorecorrecttosaythatthosewhofindsatisfastrudiisfatheloversofdestrufiion，forifonceyouhavebeefilledwithhateyouwillnoteasilyderivefromstruthepleasurewhianwouldderivefromit.

AfterYouRead

KnowledgeFocus

1.Pairwork:Discussthefollowiionswithyourpartner.

1）What，agtotheauthor，aretheadvantagesofdoingworkwhiitselfdullaing?

2）Whatreasivewhehatmostpeoplearereluttodecidewhattodoforthemselves?

3）Whichdoyouthinkismoreunbearable，idlenessorbtediouswork?Why?

4）Whatmakestheauthorthinkthathousewivesarelessfortuhanwoutsidehome?Doyouagreewithhim?Givereasons.

5）Whatkindofskilledworkofferuouspleasuretotheworker?

6）HowdoesRusselldefiruddestru?

7）Whatis，inRussell’sview，themostpowerfulmotiveforwork?

8）Whatdoyouthisthatmakew?

2.Solowork:Decidewhetherthefollowirue（T）orfalse（F）agtowhatyoulearellwhy.

____1）Thereislymuchworkwhichisexglyirksome.

____2）Mostoftheeoplehavetodinitself，andsuchworkhasgreatadvantages.

____3）Mostpeople，whefreetofilltheirowntimeagtotheirchoice，areatalosstothinkofwhattodo.

____4）Tobeabletofillleisureihelastproductofcivilization.

____5）Aglythemoreiriworkhardlyashardasiftheywerepoor.

____6）Workthereforeisdesirable，firsta，asa.

____7）Aageofmostpaidworkandofsomeunpaidworkisthatitgivescesofsuccess.

____8）Thedesirethatmeoiheiriasstrongasthedesireforsuccess.

____9）Womenwhoselivesareoccupiedwithhouseworkaremuchlessfortuhanmen.

____10）Twochiefelemeeresting:first，theexerciseofskill，andsed，destru.